Aronson MFJ, La Sorte FA, Nilon CH, Katti M, Goddard MA, Lepczyk CA. A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers. Proc R Soc B-Biol Sci. 2014;281:20133330.
Article
Google Scholar
Anderson DR, Link WA, Johnson DH, Burnham KP. Suggestions for presenting the results of data anlyses. J Wildl Manage. 2001;65:373–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Bartoń K. MuMIn: Multi-model inference. R package version 1.43.17. 2020. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MuMIn. Accessed 30 May 2020.
Beck T. Principles of ecological landscape design. Washington DC: Island Press; 2013.
Book
Google Scholar
Bibby C, Burgess N, Hill D, Mustoe S. Bird census techniques (2nd edition). London: Academic Press; 2000.
Google Scholar
Bogich TL, Barker GM, Mahlfeld K, Climo F, Green R, Balmford A. Fragmentation, grazing and the species-area relationship. Ecography. 2012;35:224–31.
Article
Google Scholar
Burnham KP, Anderson DR. Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. New York: Springer; 2002.
Google Scholar
Campbell MON. The impact of habitat characteristics on bird presence and the implications for wildlife management in the environs of Ottakwa Canada. Urban Urban Green. 2009;8:87–95.
Article
Google Scholar
Chamberlain DE, Gough S, Vaughan H, Vickery JA, Appleton GF. Determinants of bird species richness in public green spaces. Bird Study. 2010;54:87–97.
Article
Google Scholar
Chao A, Chazdon RL, Colwell RK, Shen TJ. A new statistical approach for assessing similarity of species composition with incidence and abundance data. Ecol Lett. 2005;8:148–59.
Article
Google Scholar
Chen S, Ding P, Zheng G, Zhu G. Impacts of urbanization on the wetland waterbird communities in Hangzhou. Zool Res. 2000;21:279–85 (In Chinese).
Google Scholar
Chen S, Wang S. Bird diversities and their responses to urbanization in China. In: Murgui E, Hedblom M, editors. Ecology and conservation of birds in urban environments. Switzerland: Springer; 2017. p. 55–74.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Colwell RK, Mao CX, Chang J. Interpolating, extrapolating, and comparing incidence-based species accumulation curves. Ecology. 2004;85:2717–27.
Article
Google Scholar
Cui H. The investigation and research on plant community of heritage parks in Nanjing. Master Thesis. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University. 2015 (In Chinese).
Ding H, Shi H. The surface temperature and land use change analysis of Nanjing based on time series data. The 34th Annual Meeting of China Meteorological Society, Zhengzhou. 2017; 233–47 (In Chinese).
Dormann CF, Elith J, Bacher S, Buchmann C, Carl G, Carré G, et al. Collinearity: a review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance. Ecography. 2013;36:27–46.
Article
Google Scholar
Evans KL, Newson SE, Gaston KJ. Habitat influences on urban avian assemblages. Ibis. 2009;151:19–39.
Article
Google Scholar
Ewers RM, Didham RK. The effect of fragment shape and species’ sensitivity to habitat edges on animal population size. Conserv Biol. 2007;21:926–36.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ferenc M, Sedláček O, Fuchs R, Dinetti M, Fraissinet M, Storch D. Are cities different? Patterns of species richness and beta diversity of urban bird communities and regional species assemblages in Europe. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 2014;23:479–89.
Article
Google Scholar
Fernández-Juricic E. Bird community composition patterns in urban parks of Madrid: the role of age, size and isolation. Ecol Res. 2000;15:373–83.
Article
Google Scholar
Fernández-Juricic E, Jokimäki J. A habitat island approach to conserving birds in urban landscapes-case studies from southern and northern Europe. Biodivers Conserv. 2001;10:2023–43.
Article
Google Scholar
Gagné SA, Sherman PJ, Singh KK, Meentemeyer RK. The effect of human population size on the breeding bird diversity of urban regions. Biodivers Conserv. 2016;25:653–71.
Article
Google Scholar
Grimm NB, Faeth SH, Golubiewski NE, Redman CL, Wu J, Bai X, et al. Global change and the ecology of cities. Science. 2008;319:756–60.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Herrera-Montes MI, Aide TM. Impacts of traffic noise on anuran and bird communities. Urban Ecosyst. 2011;14:415–27.
Article
Google Scholar
Hagen EO, Hagen O, Ibanez-Alamo JD, Petchey OL, Evans KL. Impacts of urban areas and their characteristics on avian functional diversity. Front Ecol Evol. 2017;5:84.
Article
Google Scholar
Imai H, Nakashizuka T. Environmental factors affecting the composition and diversity of avian community in mid-to late breeding season in urban parks and green spaces. Landsc Urban Plan. 2010;96:183–94.
Article
Google Scholar
Jasmani Z, Ravn HP, van den Bosch CCK. The influence of small urban parks characteristics on bird diversity: a case study of Petaling Jaya Malaysia. Urban Ecosyst. 2016;20:227–43.
Article
Google Scholar
Kim J, Chae J, Koo T-H. Variation in bird diversity in relation to habitat size in the urban landscape of Seoul South Korea. Acta Ornithol. 2007;42:39–44.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Laurance WF, Yensen E. Predicting the impacts of edge effects in fragmented habitats. Biol Conserv. 1991;55:77–92.
Article
Google Scholar
Lepczyk CA, Warren PS. Urban bird ecology and conservation. Berkeley: University of California Press; 2012.
Book
Google Scholar
Liu J, Bai H, Ma H, Feng G. Bird diversity in Chinese urban parks was more associated with natural factors than anthropogenic factors. Urban For Urban Green. 2019;43:126358.
Article
Google Scholar
MacArthur RH, Wilson EO. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1967.
Google Scholar
Mackinnon J, Phillipps K. A field guide to the birds of China. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000.
Google Scholar
Martı́nez-Morales MA. Landscape patterns influencing bird assemblages in a fragmented neotropical cloud forest. Biol Conserv. 2005; 121: 117–26.
Morelli F, Benedetti Y, Su T, Zhou B, Moravec D, Símová P, et al. Taxonomic diversity, functional diversity and evolutionary uniqueness in bird communities of Beijing’s urban parks: effects of land use and vegetation structure. Urban Urban Green. 2017;23:84–92.
Article
Google Scholar
Murgui E. Effects of seasonality on the species-area relationship: a case study with birds in urban parks. Glob Ecol Biogeogr. 2007;16:319–29.
Article
Google Scholar
Nemeth E, Brumm H. Birds and anthropogenic noise: are urban songs adaptive? Am Nat. 2010;176:465–75.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oksanen J, Blanchet FG, Friendly M, Kindt R, Legendre P, McGlinn D, et al. vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.5–6. 2019. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan. Accessed 16 Jul. 2020.
Oliver AJ, Hong-Wa C, Devonshire J, Olea KR, Rivas GF, Gahl MK. Avifauna richness enhanced in large, isolated urban parks. Landsc Urban Plan. 2011;102:215–25.
Article
Google Scholar
R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2020. https://www.R-project.org/. Accessed 11 May 2020.
Ricklefs RE, Lovette IJ. The roles of island area per se and habitat diversity in the species–area relationships of four Lesser Antillean faunal groups. J Anim Ecol. 1999;68:1142–60.
Article
Google Scholar
Rousseau JS, Savard J-PL, Titman R. Shrub-nesting birds in urban habitats: their abundance and association with vegetation. Urban Ecosyst. 2015;18:871–84.
Article
Google Scholar
Schütz C, Schulze CH. Functional diversity of urban bird communities: effects of landscape composition, green space area and vegetation cover. Ecol Evol. 2015;5:5230–9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Stein A, Gerstner K, Kreft H, Arita H. Environmental heterogeneity as a universal driver of species richness across taxa, biomes and spatial scales. Ecol Lett. 2014;17:866–80.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tan X, Yang X, Chen C, Wang Y. Nestedness and underlying processes of bird assemblages in Nanjing city parks. Curr Zool. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoaa069.
Article
Google Scholar
Tong L. Studies on community structure and the optimized models of urban forest in Nanjing. PhD Thesis. Nanjing: Nanjing Forestry University. 2007 (In Chinese).
Wang Y, Chen S, Ping D. Effects of urbanization on the winter bird foraging guilds. J Zhejiang Univ (Sci Ed). 2004;31:330–6 (In Chinese).
Google Scholar
Wang Y, Chen S, Jiang P, Ding P. Black-billed Magpies (Pica pica) adjust nest characteristics to adapt to urbanization in Hangzhou. China Can J Zool. 2008;86:676–84.
Article
Google Scholar
Wang Y, Chen S, Blair RB, Jiang P, Ding P. Nest composition adjustments by Chinese Bulbuls Pycnonotus sinensis in an urbanized landscape of Hangzhou (E China). Acta Ornithol. 2009;44:185–92.
Article
Google Scholar
Wang Y, Bao Y, Yu M, Xu G, Ding P. Nestedness for different reasons: the distributions of birds, lizards and small mammals on islands of an inundated lake. Divers Distrib. 2010;16:862–73.
Article
Google Scholar
Wang Y, Ding P, Chen S, Zheng G. Nestedness of bird assemblages on urban woodlots: implications for conservation. Landsc Urban Plan. 2013;111:59–67.
Article
Google Scholar
Wang Y, Huang Q, Lan S, Zhang Q, Chen S. Common blackbirds Turdus merula use anthropogenic structures as nesting sites in an urbanized landscape. Curr Zool. 2015;61:435–43.
Article
Google Scholar
Xu A, Han X, Zhang X, Millien V, Wang Y. Nestedness of butterfly assemblages in the Zhoushan Archipelago, China: area effects, life-history traits and conservation implications. Biodivers Conserv. 2017;26:1375–92.
Article
Google Scholar
Zar JH. Biostatistical analysis (Fifth edition). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall; 2010.
Google Scholar
Zheng G. A checklist on the classification and distribution of the birds of China (Third edition). Beijing: Science Press; 2017. (In Chinese).
Google Scholar
Zhou D, Chu LM. How would size, age, human disturbance, and vegetation structure affect bird communities of urban parks in different seasons? J Ornithol. 2012;153:1101–12.
Article
Google Scholar