Benvenuti S, Dall’Antonia L, Falk K. Diving behaviour differs between incubating and brooding Brünnichs guillemots, Uria lomvia. Polar Biol. 2002;25:474–8.
Google Scholar
BirdLife International. Mergus squamatus. 2014. http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/mergus-squamatus. Accessed 14 March 2017.
Bourget D, Savard JP, Guillemette M. Distribution, diet and dive behavior of Barrow’s and common goldeneyes during spring and autumn in the St. Lawrence estuary. Waterbirds. 2007;30:230–40.
Article
Google Scholar
Boyd IL, Croxall JP. Dive durations in pinipeds and seabirds. Can J Zool. 1996;74:1696–705.
Article
Google Scholar
Butler PJ, Jones DR. The comparative physiology of diving in vertebrates. Adv Comp Physiol Biochem. 1982;8:179–364.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Clark CW, Mangel M. The evolutionary advantages of group foraging. Theor Popul Biol. 1986;30:45–75.
Article
Google Scholar
Cooper J. Diving patterns of cormorants Phalacrocoracidae. Ibis. 1986;128:562–70.
Article
Google Scholar
Costa DP. The relationship between reproductive and foraging energetics and the evolution of the Pinnipedia. Symp Zool Soc Lond. 1993;66:293–314.
Google Scholar
Dewar JM. The bird as a diver. London: H.F. & G. Witherby, Ltd.; 1924.
Google Scholar
Duncan K, Marquiss M. The sex-age ratio, diving behaviour and habitat use of Goldeneye Bucephala clangula wintering in northeast Scotland. Wildfowl. 1993;44:111–20.
Google Scholar
Frere E, Quintana F, Gandini P. Diving behavior of the Red-legged Cormorant in southeastern Patagonia, Argentina. Condor. 2002;104:440–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Gomes A Jr, Pereira J Jr, Bugoni L. Age-specific diving and foraging behavior of the Great Grebe (Podicephorus major). Waterbirds. 2009;32:149–56.
Article
Google Scholar
Green JA, Boyd IL, Woakes AJ, Green CJ, Butler PJ. Do seasonal changes in metabolic rate facilitate changes in diving behaviour? J Exp Biol. 2005;208:2581–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guillemette M, Woakes AJ, Henaux V, Grandbois JM, Butler PJ. The effect of depth on the diving behaviour of common eiders. Can J Zool. 2004;82:1818–26.
Article
Google Scholar
Halsey LG, Butler PJ, Woakes AJ. Breathing hypoxic gas affects the physiology as well as the diving behaviour of tufted ducks. Physiol Biochem Zool. 2005;78:273–84.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Halsey LG, Blackburn TM, Butler PJ. A phylogenetic analysis of the allometry of diving. Am Nat. 2006;167:276–87.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
He FQ, Lin JS, Yang B, Jiang HD, Zhang HH. Current distribution and status of the wintering Scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus in China. Chin J Zool. 2006;41:52–6 (in Chinese).
Google Scholar
Ji Y, Bai CR, Zhang J, Zhang LW, Huang XP. The study on water resources carrying capacity in typical counties of Xinjiang River Basin, Poyang Lake. J Jiangxi Normal Univ (Nat Sci Ed). 2014;38:656–60 (in Chinese).
Google Scholar
Jiang JH, Shao MQ. Diving behavior and difference of wintering little grebe and great crested grebe. Sichuan J Zool. 2015;34:719–24 (in Chinese).
Google Scholar
Kato A, Watanuki Y, Shaughnessy P, Le Maho Y, Naito Y. Intersexual differences in the diving behaviour of foraging subantarctic cormorant (Phalacrocorax albiventer) and Japanese cormorant (P. filamentosus). C R l’Académie Sci Ser III Sci la Vie. 1999;322:557–62.
CAS
Google Scholar
Kato A, Watanuki Y, Naito Y. Annual and seasonal changes in foraging site and diving behaviour in Adélie penguins. Polar Biol. 2003;26:389–95.
Google Scholar
Laich AG, Quintana F, Shepard ELC, Wilson RP. Intersexual differences in the diving behaviour of Imperial Cormorants. J Ornithol. 2012;153:139–47.
Article
Google Scholar
Liu Y, Yang ZJ, Zuo B, Yi GD. Wintering distribution and population size of scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus in Jiangxi Province. J Northeast Normal Univ (Nat Sci Ed). 2008;40:111–5 (in Chinese).
Google Scholar
Polak M, Ciach M. Behaviour of Black-throated Diver Gavia arctica and Red-throated Diver Gavia stellata during autumn migration stopover. Ornis Svecica. 2007;17:90–4.
Google Scholar
Quintana F. Diving behavior of Rock Shags at a Patagonian colony of Argentina. Waterbirds. 1999;22:466–71.
Article
Google Scholar
Roberts G. Why individual vigilance declines as group size increases. Anim Behav. 1996;51:1077–86.
Article
Google Scholar
Ropert-Coudert Y, Kato A. Diving activity of hoary-headed (Poliocephalus poliocephalus) and Australasian little grebes (Tachybaptus novaehollandiae). Waterbirds. 2009;32:157–61.
Article
Google Scholar
Sato K, Mitani Y, Cameron MF, Siniff DB, Naito Y. Factors affecting stroking patterns and body angle in diving Weddell seals under natural conditions. J Exp Biol. 2003;206:1461–70.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schreer JF, Kovacs KM. Allometry of diving capacity in air-breathing vertebrates. Can J Zool. 1997;75:339–58.
Article
Google Scholar
Shao MQ, Zeng BB, Hounsome T, Chen LX, You CY, Wang HB, Dai NH. Winter ecology and conservation threats of Scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus in Poyang Lake Watershed, China. Pakistan J Zool. 2012;44:503–10.
Google Scholar
Shao MQ, Shi WJ, Zeng BB, Jiang JH. Diving behavior of scaly-sided merganser, Mergus squamatus in Poyang Lake watershed, China. Pakis J Zool. 2014;46:284–7.
Google Scholar
Shao MQ, Zhang XR, Dai NH, Guo YR, Gan WL, Tong LF, Jian MF, Tu YL. Preliminary study on behaviors of wintering Scaly-sided Merganser. Sichuan J Zool. 2010;29:984–5 (in Chinese).
Google Scholar
Thompson SA, Price JJ. Water clarity and diving behavior in wintering common loons. Waterbirds. 2006;29:169–75.
Article
Google Scholar
Trillmich F, Ono K, Costa DP, De Long RL, Feldkamp S, Francis J, Gentry GL, Heath C, Le Boeuf BJ. The effects of El Niño on pinniped populations in the eastern Pacific. In: Trillmich F, Ono K, editors. Effects of El Niño on pinnipeds. Berlin: Springer; 1991. p. 247–70.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Wang S, Xie Y. The Chinese red list of threatened species. Beijing: Higher Education Press; 2009 (in Chinese).
Google Scholar
Wanless S, Finney SK, Harris MP, McCafferty DJ. Effect of the diel light cycle on the diving behaviour of two bottom feeding marine birds: the blue-eyed shag Phalacrocorax atriceps and the European shag P. aristotelis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 1999;188:219–24.
Article
Google Scholar
Watanuki Y, Burger AE. Body mass and dive duration in alcids and penguins. Can J Zool. 1999;77:1838–42.
Article
Google Scholar
Wilson RP, Pütz K, Bost CA, Culik BM, Bannasch R, Reins T, Adelung D. Diel dive depth in penguins in relation to diel vertical migration of prey: whose dinner by candle light? Mar Ecol-Prog Ser. 1993;94:101–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Yi GD, Yang ZJ, Liu Y, Zuo B, Zhao J, Hao XL. Behavioral time budget and daily rhythms for wintering Mergus squamatus. Acta Ecol Sin. 2010;30:2228–34 (in Chinese).
Google Scholar
Zeng BB, Shao MQ, Lai HQ, Jiang JH, Li C, Dai NH. The effects of gender and temperature on the wintering behavior of Chinese merganser. Acta Ecol Sin. 2013;33:3712–21 (in Chinese).
Article
Google Scholar
Zhao ZJ. A handbook of the birds of China. Changchun: Jilin Science and Technology Press; 2001 (in Chinese).
Google Scholar