Male parent birds exert more effort to reproduce in two desert passerines

Table 2 Behavioural comparison of Saxaul Sparrow parents in the hatching period

Parents’ behaviours	Female	Male	95% CI	P
Nest inspecting	0.08 ± 0.083	0.38 ± 0.157	− 0.675 to 0.092	0.129
Nest tidying	0.17 ± 0.098	0.38 ± 0.157	− 0.621 to 0.204	0.307
Incubating frequency	8.33 ± 0.882	7.50 ± 0.514	− 1.340 to 3.007	0.436
Incubating time (s)	3384.54 ± 318.797	4452.00 ± 1604.916	− 3942.852 to 2807.936	0.731
Adding material	2.83 ± 0.374	2.75 ± 0.581	− 1.549 to 1.716	0.917
Removing material	0.21 ± 0.134	0.04 ± 0.042	− 0.130 to 0.463	0.257
Warning	7.00 ± 0.651	10.63 ± 0.911	− 5.977 to − 1.273	0.004
Preening	0.96 ± 0.266	2.79 ± 0.548	− 2.972 to − 0.694	0.003
Chirping	0.29 ± 0.127	1.96 ± 0.569	− 2.934 to − 0.399	0.012

ISSN: 2053-7166