Table 1 Detailed seasonal substrate use by Iberian bullfinches in NW Spain
Plant types/ground/others | Winter (Dec‒Feb) | Spring (Mar‒May) | Summer (June‒Aug) | Autumn (Sept‒Nov) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (166 ind.) %n | F (117 ind.) %n | M (368 ind.) %n | F (235 ind.) %n | M (265 ind.) %n | F (185 ind.) %n | J (696 ind.) %n | M (179 ind.) %n | F (132 ind.) %n | J (164 ind.) %n | |
Ribes uva-crispa | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Populus spp. | 6.5 | 7.8 | 11.3 | 8.5 | 19.0 | 14.3 | 19.1 | 9.8 | 6.8 | 9.9 |
Salix spp. | 0.0 | 0.6 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 3.9 | 2.5 | 4.2 |
Euonymus europaeus | 4.3 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.0 |
Cytisus scoparius | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Corylus avellana | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
Castanea sativa | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Quercus pirenaica | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
Juglans regia | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.0 |
Rubus spp. | 25.6 | 23.5 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 22.1 | 21.7 | 10.3 |
Rosa spp. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Pyrus pyraster | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Malus spp. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Crataegus monogyna | 6.5 | 7.8 | 3.8 | 5.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 0.5 |
Prunus spinosa | 10.4 | 10.8 | 13.0 | 13.3 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Prunus avium | 1.8 | 0.0 | 13.9 | 15.6 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 0.0 |
Rhamnus cathartica | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Bryonia dioica | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 3.3 |
Ulmus minor | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 2.8 |
Cornus sanguinea | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.0 |
Solanum dulcamara | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Fraxinus excelsior | 6.9 | 13.3 | 3.6 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 5.4 | 4.3 | 0.0 |
Ligustrum vulgare | 10.5 | 9.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 10.3 | 12.4 | 16.0 |
Lonicera periclymenum | 7.2 | 4.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 7.8 | 9.9 | 15.0 |
Sambucus nigra | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 5.2 |
Viburnum opulus | 13.4 | 9.0 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 0.5 |
Hedera helix | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Unidentified shrubs/trees | 4.0 | 8.4 | 20.5 | 21.8 | 21.6 | 20.3 | 22.3 | 23.0 | 21.1 | 22.5 |
Total shrubs/trees | 98.2 | 97.4 | 82.9 | 84.5 | 63.9 | 59.1 | 65.7 | 95.1 | 92.4 | 91.6 |
Urtica dioica | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.0 |
Polygonum bistorta | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Rumex spp. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
Ranunculus spp. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Filipendula ulmaria | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 5.2 |
Agrimonia eupatoria | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Geum urbanum | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.0 | 8.4 | 5.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
Geraniaceae | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Hypericum perforatum | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Epilobium hirsutum | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Plantago lanceolata | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Lapsana communis | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Taraxacum gr. officinale | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.8 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Lactuca serriola | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 0.0 |
Unidentified herbs | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Total herbs | 0.8 | 1.8 | 4.0 | 2.3 | 25.5 | 29.8 | 25.8 | 4.9 | 6.8 | 6.6 |
Total plants | 98.9 | 99.4 | 87.3 | 86.7 | 89.3 | 88.6 | 91.6 | 100.0 | 99.4 | 88.1 |
Ground | 1.1 | 0.6 | 11.5 | 13.3 | 9.5 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.9 |
Others | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.0 |
n (number of records) | 277 | 166 | 416 | 270 | 348 | 202 | 713 | 204 | 161 | 213 |
Proportion of feeding records | 91.3% | 82.5% | 63.7% | 60.4% | 57.2% | 60.9% | 57.1% | 59.8% | 68.3% | 65.7% |