Weather conditions affect spring and autumn migration of Siberian leaf warblers

Bozó, László; Csörgő, Tibor; Heim, Wieland

doi:10.1186/s40657-018-0126-5

Avian Research

Table 3 Outputs of general linear mixed models

From: Weather conditions affect spring and autumn migration of Siberian leaf warblers

Species		Spring migration				Autumn migration
Species		Estimate	χ ²	p		Estimate	χ ²	p
ALL	Temperature	0.42	133.3	***	Temperature	0.22	18.4	***
	Precipitation	0.09	8.7	0.003	Precipitation	− 0.53	121.4	***
	Air pressure	‒0.10	9.4	0.002	Air pressure	− 0.25	39.3	***
	Wind speed	0.09	9.3	0.002	Wind speed	− 0.29	65.6	***
	Wind direction		65.8	***	Wind direction		54.6	***
	Headwind	− 0.30			Headwind	− 0.39
	Crosswind	− 0.05			Crosswind	− 0.17
	Tailwind	− 0.72			Tailwind	0.08
	R ²_marg	0.03			R ²_marg	0.12
	R ²_cond	0.82			R ²_cond	0.84
Dusky Warbler	Temperature	0.41	17.0	***	Temperature	0.35	16.9	***
	Precipitation	0.09	1.0	0.321	Precipitation	− 0.50	37.7	***
	Air pressure	− 0.01	0.0	0.861	Air pressure	− 0.13	4.3	0.039
	Wind speed	0.08	1.0	0.310	Wind speed	− 0.09	2.4	0.121
	Wind direction		17.0	***	Wind direction		18.8	***
	Headwind	0.42			Headwind	0.29
	Crosswind	1.12			Crosswind	0.53
	Tailwind	0.08			Tailwind	0.76
	R ²_marg	0.09			R ²_marg	0.18
	R ²_cond	0.75			R ²_cond	0.84
Pallas’s Leaf Warbler	Temperature	0.40	5.2	0.022	Temperature	− 0.27	2.3	0.126
	Precipitation	0.01	0.0	0.946	Precipitation	− 0.24	2.2	0.137
	Air pressure	− 0.03	0.0	0.870	Air pressure	0.10	0.7	0.417
	Wind speed	0.02	0.0	0.900	Wind speed	− 0.43	13.1	***
	Wind direction		4.7	0.096	Wind direction		6.3	0.043
	Headwind	− 1.11			Headwind	− 2.05
	Crosswind	− 0.34			Crosswind	− 1.74
	Tailwind	− 1.35			Tailwind	− 1.51
	R ²_marg	0.09			R ²_marg	0.07
	R ²_cond	0.34			R ²_cond	0.71
Radde’s Warbler	Temperature	0.56	8.9	0.003	Temperature	0.38	5.9	0.016
	Precipitation	0.00	0.0	0.993	Precipitation	− 0.45	8.5	0.004
	Air pressure	0.01	0.0	0.932	Air pressure	− 0.54	16.2	***
	Wind speed	0.13	0.7	0.399	Wind speed	− 0.27	16.2	0.022
	Wind direction		2.5	0.292	Wind direction		6.3	0.043
	Headwind	− 1.12			Headwind	− 2.07
	Crosswind	− 1.17			Crosswind	− 1.41
	Tailwind	− 1.67			Tailwind	− 1.77
	R ²_marg	0.10			R ²_marg	0.13
	R ²_cond	0.44			R ²_cond	0.70
Yellow-browed Warbler	Temperature	0.44	118.6	***	Temperature	0.21	7.5	0.006
	Precipitation	0.09	7.1	0.008	Precipitation	− 0.57	68.7	***
	Air pressure	− 0.14	16.4	***	Air pressure	− 0.32	24.6	***
	Wind speed	0.08	6.6	0.010	Wind speed	− 0.45	71.3	***
	Wind direction		46.1	***	Wind direction		27.6	***
	Headwind	0.98			Headwind	0.39
	Crosswind	1.12			Crosswind	0.59
	Tailwind	0.57			Tailwind	0.89
	R ²_marg	0.03			R ²_marg	0.18
	R ²_cond	0.94			R ²_cond	0.92

Estimates refer to the slope related to the variables, but represent the mean for categorical variables (wind direction, in italics). Shown are test statistics, R ²_marg (fixed factors alone) and R ²_cond (fixed + random factor). p values below 0.001 are marked as ***

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