Table 1 Architectural properties of forelimb muscles in the Golden Pheasant

M. pectoralis

PT

28.830 ± 10.956

2.439 ± 0.155

9.216 ± 3.200

27.198

11.152

334.552

M. supracoracoideus

SC

8.495 ± 3.547

2.330 ± 0.601

10.141 ± 0.520

8.014

3.632

108.951

M. scapulohumeralis caudalis

SHC

2.771 ± 1.143

1.686 ± 0.480

4.676 ± 0.506

2.614

1.611

48.334

M. coracobrachialis caudalis

CBC

1.101 ± 0.397

1.031 ± 0.321

3.582 ± 0.342

1.039

1.065

31.954

M. subcoracoideus

SUC

0.985 ± 0.396

1.192 ± 0.382

2.844 ± 0.473

0.929

0.858

25.753

M. subscapularis

SS

0.177 ± 0.065

0.487 ± 0.056

1.434 ± 0.244

0.167

0.339

10.177

M. latissimus dorsi pars cranialis

LDCR

0.126 ± 0.029

2.080 ± 0.351

3.245 ± 0.486

0.119

0.058

1.729

M. latissimus dorsi pars caudalis

LDCA

0.387 ± 0.203

2.238 ± 0.212

3.237 ± 0.396

0.365

0.162

4.870

M. rhomboideus superficialis

RS

0.247 ± 0.115

0.773 ± 0.204

1.100 ± 0.215

0.233

0.291

8.742

M. rhomboideus profundus

RP

0.263 ± 0.139

0.670 ± 0.189

0.730 ± 0.095

0.248

0.359

10.755

M. serratus superficialis pars caudalis

SSC

0.217 ± 0.081

0.914 ± 0.213

1.796 ± 0.273

0.205

0.232

6.956

M. serratus superficialis pars metapatagialis

SSM

0.123 ± 0.031

4.044 ± 0.643

5.222 ± 0.814

0.116

0.029

0.866

M. serratus profundus

SP

0.067 ± 0.031

0.566 ± 0.144

0.795 ± 0.277

0.063

0.115

3.436

M. scapulohumeralis cranialis

SHA

0.017 ± 0.004

0.560 ± 0.243

0.968 ± 0.298

0.016

0.031

0.935

M. sternocoracoideus

STC

0.073 ± 0.059

0.396 ± 0.021

0.600 ± 0.118

0.068

0.171

5.142

M. serratus superficialis pars cranialis

SSA

0.047 ± 0.015

1.113 ± 0.221

1.810 ± 0.351

0.044

0.040

1.191

M. triceps brachii humeral head

TH

1.331 ± 0.490

1.220 ± 0.137

5.173 ± 0.277

1.256

1.022

30.672

M. triceps brachii scapular head

TS

1.076 ± 0.439

1.503 ± 0.390

5.250 ± 0.298

1.015

0.675

20.236

M. biceps brachii

BB

0.850 ± 0.449

1.293 ± 0.772

4.048 ± 0.670

0.802

0.846

25.387

M. deltoideus major

DMA

0.719 ± 0.254

2.174 ± 0.120

3.910 ± 0.346

0.678

0.316

9.478

M. tensor propatagialis

TP

0.398 ± 0.176

2.009 ± 0.228

2.860 ± 0.248

0.375

0.204

6.112

M. deltoideus minor

DMI

0.062 ± 0.017

0.460 ± 0.141

0.983 ± 0.246

0.058

0.136

4.069

M. expansor secondariorum

ES

0.057 ± 0.020

0.277 ± 0.083

0.654 ± 0.076

0.054

0.195

5.836

M. brachialis

BR

0.038 ± 0.009

0.640 ± 0.163

1.239 ± 0.272

0.036

0.058

1.732

M. extensor metacarpi radialis

EMR

0.614 ± 0.284

0.871 ± 0.148

3.981 ± 0.243

0.580

0.648

19.426

M. pronator superficialis

PS

0.351 ± 0.112

0.644 ± 0.097

3.550 ± 0.079

0.332

0.509

15.282

M. pronator profundus

PP

0.297 ± 0.101

0.915 ± 0.332

2.997 ± 0.294

0.280

0.326

9.772

M. flexor carpi ulnaris

FCU

0.469 ± 0.293

0.541 ± 0.092

3.670 ± 0.157

0.442

0.804

24.129

M. flexor digitorum profundus

FDP

0.251 ± 0.091

0.874 ± 0.236

3.541 ± 0.289

0.237

0.283

8.477

M. extensor carpi ulnaris

ECU

0.172 ± 0.067

0.642 ± 0.114

3.421 ± 0.257

0.163

0.263

7.897

M. ectepicondylo ulnaris

ECTU

0.205 ± 0.079

0.507 ± 0.280

4.223 ± 0.230

0.193

0.501

15.023

M. extensor longus alulae

ELA

0.158 ± 0.067

1.440 ± 0.566

3.949 ± 0.277

0.149

0.104

3.135

M. supinator

SU

0.089 ± 0.034

0.410 ± 0.083

2.485 ± 0.485

0.084

0.201

6.035

M. extensor longus digiti majoris

ELDM

0.088 ± 0.037

0.819 ± 0.244

2.406 ± 0.270

0.083

0.101

3.025

M. entepicondylo ulnaris

ENU

0.077 ± 0.042

0.395 ± 0.114

2.166 ± 0.181

0.072

0.185

5.552

M. ulnometacarpalis ventralis

UV

0.092 ± 0.032

0.780 ± 0.196

2.259 ± 0.296

0.087

0.118

3.542

M. ulnometacarpalis dorsalis

UD

0.076 ± 0.026

0.663 ± 0.134

1.245 ± 0.359

0.071

0.106

3.179

M. extensor digitorum communis

EDC

0.070 ± 0.024

0.790 ± 0.164

3.163 ± 0.184

0.066

0.084

2.532

M. flexor digitorum superficialis

FDS

0.063 ± 0.017

0.654 ± 0.014

1.809 ± 0.244

0.060

0.091

2.739

M. abductor digiti majoris

ABDM

0.043 ± 0.025

0.259 ± 0.056

2.098 ± 0.198

0.041

0.157

4.712

M. interosseus dorsalis

ID

0.034 ± 0.009

0.271 ± 0.074

1.430 ± 0.203

0.032

0.120

3.613

M. interosseus ventralis

IV

0.027 ± 0.015

0.282 ± 0.116

1.482 ± 0.273

0.025

0.095

2.836

M. abductor alulae

ABA

0.034 ± 0.019

0.436 ± 0.158

0.999 ± 0.183

0.032

0.080

2.410

M. adductor alulae

ADA

0.012 ± 0.004

0.390 ± 0.180

0.626 ± 0.135

0.012

0.034

1.011

M. extensor brevis alulae

EBA

0.007 ± 0.005

0.243 ± 0.116

0.537 ± 0.055

0.007

0.030

0.905

M. flexor alulae

FA

0.004 ± 0.002

0.198 ± 0.048

0.428 ± 0.185

0.004

0.020

0.589

M. flexor digiti minoris

FDMI

0.011 ± 0.006

0.164 ± 0.032

1.588 ± 0.344

0.010

0.064

1.912