Table 1 Mean values (± SD) and t-tests comparing the migration parameters of tracked Swan Geese during spring and autumn migration in the three different migration routes

75.9 ± 5.8

257.9 ± 7.3

105.9 ± 4.1

322.2 ± 12.2

29.7 ± 6.2

64.1 ± 15.4

80

19.0

 < 0.001

2710.4 ± 221.0

2677.9 ± 159.7

80

 − 1.2

0.216

95.1 ± 20.3

44.9 ± 14.7

80

 − 19.1

 < 0.001

2.6 ± 0.9

2.4 ± 1.0

80

 − 1.6

0.117

25.7 ± 5.9

60.6 ± 15.1

80

19.8

 < 0.001

3.8 ± 1.1

3.2 ± 1.4

80

 − 2.9

0.004

735 ± 196.5

857.6 ± 250.3

80

3.3

0.001

793.5 ± 200.6

858.6 ± 271.4

80

1.9

0.064

0.8 ± 0.0

0.8 ± 0.0

80

 − 0.1

0.937

74.8 ± 5.8

255 ± 8.0

95.8 ± 8.7

308.9 ± 7.6

20.8 ± 8.1

53.7 ± 9.0

12

8.5

 < 0.001

2927.8 ± 388.8

2603.8 ± 166.3

12

 − 2.8

0.016

159.8 ± 56.1

50 ± 10.5

12

 − 6.6

 < 0.001

1.6 ± 0.7

1.9 ± 1.2

12

0.9

0.393

16.1 ± 7.4

50.1 ± 9.3

12

9.2

 < 0.001

4.6 ± 1.4

3.5 ± 1.9

12

 − 1.7

0.114

685.8 ± 224.1

891.4 ± 406.6

12

1.5

0.162

1169.3 ± 249.2

1005.4 ± 317.1

12

 − 1.8

0.098

0.8 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.0

12

2.6

0.024

72.6 ± 4.0

256.1 ± 14.7

98.5 ± 5.2

301.4 ± 13.2

25.6 ± 5.3

45.2 ± 18.6

9

3.2

 < 0.05

3341.1 ± 284.9

3136.1 ± 242.4

9

 − 2.4

 < 0.05

136 ± 30.3

85.8 ± 48.7

9

 − 2.9

 < 0.05

1.8 ± 0.4

2.3 ± 0.9

9

1.5

0.177

19.5 ± 5.4

41.1 ± 18.8

9

3.6

 < 0.01

6.1 ± 1.5

4.1 ± 1.1

9

 − 3.3

 < 0.05

572.8 ± 130.3

801.1 ± 177.0

9

3.1

 < 0.05

1224.7 ± 251.8

1039.3 ± 367.3

9

 − 1.3

0.213

0.8 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.0

9

2.0

0.078