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Table.3 Descriptive statistics of 15 variables measured for songs of 3 species in the Caprimulgus affinis complex (mean ± SD, range)

From: Taxonomic revision of the Savanna Nightjar (Caprimulgus affinis) complex based on vocalizations reveals three species

Variable

C. monticolus (n = 47)

C. affinis (n = 28)

C. griseatus (n = 11)

C. monticolus vs. C. affinis Significance

Cohen’s d (interpretation)

C. monticolus vs. C. griseatus Significance

Cohen’s d (interpretation)

C. affinis vs. C. griseatus Significance

Cohen’s d (interpretation)

F1

5139 ± 394

(4033–6262)

4726 ± 205

(4366–5161)

4780 ± 281

(4115–5074)

P < 0.001b

1.25 (“very large”) d

P < 0.005b

0.97 (“large”)c

n.s.b

0.25 (“small”) c

F2

2242 ± 206

(1712–2720)

1856 ± 195

(1435–2332)

2948 ± 150

(2663–3156)

P < 0.001b

1.94 (“very large”) c, d

P < 0.001b

3.64 (“huge”)d

P < 0.001b

6.10 (“huge”) d

F3

5773 ± 627

(4514–7399)

4879 ± 269

(4366–5587)

5034 ± 249

(4503–5264)

P < 0.001b

1.73 (“very large”)c, d

P < 0.001b

1.30 (“very large”)c, d

n.s.b

0.60 (“medium”) c

F4

3428 ± 303

(2859–4088)

3634 ± 273

(3256–4403)

3685 ± 246

(3243–4091)

P < 0.005a

0.71 (“medium”)c

P < 0.001b

0.89 (“large”)c

n.s.a

0.20 (“small”) c

F5

4931 ± 416

(4079–5799)

4723 ± 235

(4376–5374)

4746 ± 287

(4143–5082)

P < 0.001b

0.59 (“medium”)c

n.s.b

0.47 (“small”)c

n.s.b

0.10 (‘very small’) c

F6

5777 ± 630

(4514–7399)

4895 ± 253

(4505–5587)

5034 ± 249

(4503–5264)

P < 0.001b

1.71 (“very large”)c, d

P < 0.001b

1.30 (“very large”)c, d

n.s.b

0.57 (“medium”) c

F7

2242 ± 206

(1712–2720)

1856 ± 195

(1435–2332)

2948 ± 150

(2663–3156)

P < 0.001a

1.94 (“very large”)c, d

P < 0.001b

3.64 (“huge”)d

P < 0.001b

6.10 (“huge”) d

DF1

2345 ± 463

(1618–3486)

1246 ± 187

(647–1563)

1349 ± 184

(1035–1617)

P < 0.001 b

2.90 (“huge”) d

P < 0.001b

2.37 (“huge”)d

n.s.b

0.57 (“medium”)c

DF2

842 ± 389

(407–1914)

156 ± 109

(-175–324)

288 ± 83

(182–420)

P < 0.001b

2.20 (“huge”)d

P < 0.001b

1.59 (“very large”)c, d

P < 0.001b

1.32 (“very large”)c, d

DF3

3535 ± 587

(2543–4956)

3039 ± 237

(2608–3496)

2087 ± 204

(1710–2338)

P < 0.001b

1.03 (“large”)c

P < 0.001b

2.73 (“huge”)d

P < 0.001b

4.28 (“huge”)d

DT1

0.194 ± 0.020

(0.154–0.245)

0.226 ± 0.017

(0.197–0.276)

0.230 ± 0.017

(0.200–0.257)

P < 0.001 b

1.75 (“very large”)c, d

P < 0.001b

1.92 (“very large”)c, d

n.s.a

0.23 (“small”)c

DT2

0.023 ± 0.004

(0.015–0.035)

0.014 ± 0.002

(0.010–0.018)

0.012 ± 0.003

(0.006–0.017)

P < 0.001a

2.58 (“huge”)d

P < 0.001b

2.69 (“huge”)d

n.s.b

0.59 (“medium”)c

DT3

0.050 ± 0.006

(0.035–0.066)

0.065 ± 0.007

(0.048–0.073)

0.098 ± 0.008

(0.080–0.106)

P < 0.001a

2.33 (“huge”)d

P < 0.001b

7.34 (“huge”)d

P < 0.001b

4.82 (“huge”) d

DT4

0.042 ± 0.005

(0.031–0.059)

0.056 ± 0.006

(0.044–0.064)

0.087 ± 0.006

(0.075–0.097)

P < 0.001b

2.91 (“huge”)d

P < 0.001b

9.13 (“huge”)d

P < 0.001b

5.38 (“huge”)d

DT5

0.144 ± 0.016

(0.119–0.184)

0.162 ± 0.017

(0.134–0.209)

0.132 ± 0.015

(0.117–0.155)

P < 0.001a

1.07 (“large”)c

P < 0.05b

0.79 (“medium”)c

P < 0.001b

1.90 (“very large”)c, d

  1. The right three columns present significance levels of ANOVA or Mann-Whitney U-tests, the effect size (expressed as Cohen’s d) and the interpretation of effect size by Cohen (1988) and Sawilowsky (2009)
  2. aANOVA
  3. bMWU-test
  4. csensu Cohen (1988)
  5. dsensu Sawilowsky (2009)
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