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Table 1 Effects of altitude, sex, and interaction of altitude and sex on myocardial metabolic enzymes and energy substrates in Eurasian Tree Sparrows (Passer montanus)

From: Coping with extremes: lowered myocardial phosphofructokinase activities and glucose content but increased fatty acids content in highland Eurasian Tree Sparrows

Type of variable

Variable

Factor

Wald Chi-Square

df

P

Metabolic enzyme

Hexokinase (HK)

Intercept

30.931

1, 17

 < 0.001

  

Altitude

1.140

1, 17

0.286

  

Sex

3.999

1, 17

0.046

  

Altitude × sex

0.701

1, 17

0.402

 

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

Intercept

28.160

1, 17

 < 0.001

  

Altitude

5.583

1, 17

0.018

  

Sex

3.150

1, 17

0.076

  

Altitude × sex

1.185

1, 17

0.276

 

Pyruvate kinase (PK)

Intercept

37.294

1, 17

 < 0.001

  

Altitude

0.049

1, 17

0.825

  

Sex

3.517

1, 17

0.061

  

Altitude × sex

0.018

1, 17

0.893

 

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1)

Intercept

51.638

1, 19

 < 0.001

  

Altitude

1.328

1, 19

0.249

  

Sex

2.854

1, 19

0.091

  

Altitude × sex

0.514

1, 19

0.473

 

Citrate synthase (CS)

Intercept

17.325

1, 17

 < 0.001

  

Altitude

1.887

1, 17

0.170

  

Sex

5.101

1, 17

0.024

  

Altitude × sex

1.455

1, 17

0.228

 

Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)

Intercept

1517.151

1, 23

 < 0.001

  

Altitude

0.300

1, 23

0.584

  

Sex

2.699

1, 23

0.100

  

Altitude × sex

0.697

1, 23

0.404

 

Creatine kinase (CK)

Intercept

353.915

1, 23

 < 0.001

  

Altitude

0.249

1, 23

0.618

  

Sex

0.944

1, 23

0.331

  

Altitude × sex

0.221

1, 23

0.638

Energy substrate

Glucose (Glu)

Intercept

164.264

1, 20

 < 0.001

  

Altitude

3.944

1, 20

0.047

  

Sex

2.259

1, 20

0.133

  

Altitude × sex

0.824

1, 20

0.364

 

Triglyceride (TG)

Intercept

495.848

1, 23

 < 0.001

  

Altitude

0.108

1, 23

0.743

  

Sex

0.864

1, 23

0.353

  

Altitude × sex

1.719

1, 23

0.190

 

Free fatty acid (FFA)

Intercept

70.921

1, 23

 < 0.001

  

Altitude

11.563

1, 23

0.001

  

Sex

0.382

1, 23

0.537

  

Altitude × sex

0.001

1, 23

0.982

  1. Significant factors (P < 0.05) are shown in italics