Male parent birds exert more effort to reproduce in two desert passerines

Table 3 Saxaul Sparrow parent action frequency in the nestling period

Parents’ behaviours	Female	Male	95% CI	P
Feeding	23.31 ± 2.520	29.33 ± 2.518	− 10.110 to − 1.932	0.005
Warning	4.73 ± 0.733	14.02 ± 1.578	− 11.860 to − 6.724	< 0.001
Faeces-clearing	3.92 ± 0.610	1.96 ± 0.365	0.678‒3.239	0.003
Preening	0.23 ± 0.150	0.77 ± 0.202	− 1.060 to − 0.023)	0.041
Chirping	0.06 ± 0.46	1.02 ± 0.280	− 1.523 to − 0.393)	0.001
Waiting	0.38 ± 0.145	1.31 ± 0.302	− 1.444 to − 0.431)	0.001

ISSN: 2053-7166