Developing and validating a nestling photographic aging guide for cavity-nesting birds: an example with the European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster)

Table 1 Summary table of GLMM for the top-ranking model (Class + (1|observer) testing the differences in the proportion of correct assignments between classes

Fixed effects	Estimate	SE	Z-value	95% lower CI	95% upper CI
Intercept	1.60	0.63	2.54	0.36	2.84
Class 4	− 0.35	0.84	− 0.42	0.14	2.36
Class 7	− 2.06	0.79	‒2.58	− 1.39	0.49
Class 10	− 0.65	0.82	‒0.79	− 0.07	1.98
Class 13	0.47	0.98	0.47	0.60	3.54
Class 16	24.60	512.00	0.04	− 977.28	1029.71
Class 19	− 0.35	0.84	− 0.42	0.14	2.36
Class 22	− 0.65	0.82	− 0.79	− 0.07	1.98
Class 25	− 1.38	0.79	− 1.75	− 0.70	1.15
Class 28	− 1.38	0.79	− 1.75	− 0.70	1.15

Random effect	Variance	SD
Observer	0	0

The model was run with a binomial error structure and logit link function. N = 18 age estimations per age class. Estimates, standard errors (SE), and 95% confidence intervals (95% lower and upper CI) are presented. Positive and negative estimates indicate a higher or lower proportion of correct assignments of a given class compared to age class 1 (intercept)

ISSN: 2053-7166