|
Flight-related morphology
|
Body mass (g)
|
0.569
|
0.576
|
|
Wing length (mm)
|
16.69
|
< 0.001
|
|
Wing area (cm2)
|
6.158
|
< 0.001
|
|
Wing loading (N/m2)
|
4.326
|
< 0.001
|
|
Aspect ratio
|
5.024
|
< 0.001
|
|
Load-lifting capacity
|
Maximum load (g)
|
1.321
|
0.202
|
|
Mass-corrected maximum load
|
2.040
|
0.056
|
|
Maximum wing loading (N/m2)
|
4.326
|
< 0.001
|
|
Flight kinematics
|
Wingbeat frequency (Hz)
|
6.627
|
< 0.001
|
|
Wing stroke amplitude (deg)
|
2.691
|
0.015
|
|
Flight performance
|
Maximum vertical speed (m/s)
|
0.625
|
0.540
|
|
Maximum vertical acceleration (m/s2)
|
0.171
|
0.866
|
|
Power margin
|
0.641
|
0.529
|
|
Maximum range speed (Vmr, m/s)
|
8.298
|
< 0.001
|
|
Maximum speed (Vmax, m/s)
|
8.176
|
< 0.001
|
|
Flight energy efficiency
|
Power at Vmr (W)a
|
5.914
|
< 0.001
|
|
Power at Vmax (W)
|
6.266
|
< 0.001
|
|
Mass-corrected power at Vmr (W/kg)
|
6.669
|
< 0.001
|
|
Mass-corrected power at Vmax (W/kg)
|
7.228
|
< 0.001
|
|
Parasitic drag at Vmr (N)
|
5.972
|
< 0.001
|
|
Parasitic drag at Vmax (N)
|
5.817
|
< 0.001
|
|
Reynolds number at Vmr
|
3.336
|
0.003
|
|
Reynolds number at Vmax
|
3.411
|
0.003
|
|
Mass-corrected power cost per 100 km at Vmr (Wh/kg)a
|
7.901
|
< 0.001
|
|
Mass-corrected power cost per 100 km at Vmax (Wh/kg)
|
9.544
|
< 0.001
|
