Skip to main content
Fig. 3 | Avian Research

Fig. 3

From: A comparison of flight energetics and kinematics of migratory Brambling and residential Eurasian Tree Sparrow

Fig. 3

Comparisons of a wing length (mm), b wing area (cm2), c aspect ratio and wing loading (kg/m2) and d wingbeat frequency (Hz) and wing stroke amplitude (degree) during the maximum load-lifting flight of Passer montanus (Eurasian Tree Sparrow, TRSP, n = 13) and Fringilla montifringilla (Brambling, BRAM, n = 8). All variables differed significantly between species. All values depicted for each species are the means with standard error, * represents P < 0.05. Images of each species were taken from https://www.hbw.com/

Back to article page