Temporal patterns of three sympatric pheasant species in the Nanling Mountains: N-mixture modeling applied to detect abundance

Table 1 Parameter estimates (± standard errors) of the model selected for each species and season

Season	Species	Abundance		Detection
Season	Species	Intercept	Elevation	Intercept
Winter	Silver Pheasant	1.42 ± 0.58	0.89± 0.28	‒ 3.09 ± 0.56
	White-necklaced Partridge	1.94 ± 0.80	‒	‒ 3.82 ± 0.81
	Cabot’s Tragopan	0.39± 0.94	1.20 ± 0.30	‒ 3.18 ± 0.91
Spring	Silver Pheasant	2.67 ± 0.81	‒	‒ 3.26 ± 0.84
	White-necklaced Partridge	2.78 ± 4.79	‒	‒ 3.57 ± 4.80
	Cabot’s Tragopan	2.23 ± 1.24	‒	‒ 3.39 ± 2.72
Summer	Silver Pheasant	2.73 ± 0.35	‒	‒ 2.95 ± 0.33
	White-necklaced Partridge	2.03± 0.58	‒	‒ 3.35± 0.56
	Cabot’s Tragopan	2.24 ± 0.75	‒	‒ 3.50 ± 0.77
Autumn	Silver Pheasant	2.58 ± 0.47	‒	‒ 3.12 ± 0.47
	White-necklaced Partridge	4.18 ± 1.05	‒	‒ 4.59 ± 1.07
	Cabot’s Tragopan	1.29 ± 1.41	‒	‒ 1.80 ± 1.45

Values are not back-transformed: estimates related to abundance and detection are on log and logit scale, respectively
Standard errors are calculated based on parametric bootstrap method
Estimates with p-value < 0.05 are in italic
Note that there are only two cases that the covariate model with elevation was better than the null model (no covariate) based on AIC values: Silver Pheasant and Cabot’s Tragopan during winter. See Additional file 1: Table S2 for the summary of model selection (AIC values and weights of all models)

ISSN: 2053-7166