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Table 1 Mean (range) for 5 measurements from songs of the Z. dauma species complex

From: Description of the song of the Nilgiri Thrush (Zoothera [aurea] neilgherriensis) and song differentiation across the Zoothera dauma species complex

Taxon

n

Length (s)

Bandwidth (s)

Centre frequency (kHz)

Lower frequency (kHz)

Upper frequency (kHz)

neilgherriensis

2

0.31 (0.1‒0.8)

0.81 (0.34‒1.98)

2.26 (1.38‒3.70)

1.86 (0.95‒3.53)

2.67 (1.98‒4.05)

major

10

0.34 (0.04‒0.9)

1.38 (0.38‒6.80)

2.85 (1.50‒8.72)

2.26 (1.13‒8.53)

3.65 (1.81‒10.59)

dauma (Himalayas)

1

0.15 (0.1‒0.3)

1.72 (0.52‒5.34)

4.06 (1.46‒7.06)

3.27 (1.29‒6.20)

4.99 (2.15‒8.53)

dauma (Vietnam)

1

0.46 (0.4‒0.5)

0.52 (0.26‒0.60)

2.67 (2.15‒3.62)

2.42 (2.07‒3.53)

2.93 (2.50‒3.79)

aurea

11

0.57 (0.3‒1.1)

0.14 (0.09‒0.26)

2.70 (1.29‒4.91)

2.63 (1.29‒4.82)

2.77 (1.38‒5.00)

toratugumi

9

0.45 (0.3‒0.7)

0.17 (0.09‒0.34)

2.64 (1.81‒5.86)

2.56 (1.72‒5.68)

2.73 (1.89‒6.03)

Taiwan Is.

2

0.57 (0.3‒0.8)

0.16 (0.09‒0.26)

2.75 (1.55‒5.25)

2.67 (1.46‒5.17)

2.84 (1.64‒5.34)

imbricata

2

0.40 (0.3‒0.6)

0.29 (0.17‒0.43)

2.03 (1.98‒2.15)

1.91 (1.81‒1.98)

2.20 (2.15‒2.41)

horsfieldi

1

0.49 (0.4‒0.6)

0.49 (0.34‒0.52)

2.70 (2.58‒2.76)

2.57 (2.50‒2.67)

3.02 (2.93‒3.10)

  1. Frequency measurements and bandwidth are in units of kilohertz and length in seconds. Lower Frequency is measured at the 5th percentile of energy and Upper Frequency at the 95th percentile. Bandwidth occurs between these. Song length is measured between the 5th and 95th percentile energies. Mean values for each measurement were obtained across strophes within a recording and then were averaged across recordings for each taxon to obtain mean values. The range represents low and high values obtained across replicate strophes both within and between individuals