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Table 1 Candidate models (ΔAICc < 2) from generalized linear mixed models to explain the effects of forest edges on avian guilds at the Sakaerat Environmental Research Station in 2014–2015 based on variables included in the models

From: Road induced edge effects on a forest bird community in tropical Asia

Modela

k

AICc

ΔAICc

w i

LL

Richness

Edge * D0

7

4653.38

0.00

0.20

− 2319.67

Edge + D0

6

4653.77

0.39

0.17

− 2320.87

Edge * C0

7

4654.60

1.22

0.11

− 2320.28

Edge + D0 + C5 + C0

8

4654.70

1.32

0.10

− 2319.33

Edge + D0 + C0

7

4654.75

1.37

0.10

− 2320.36

Edge * D0 + C5

8

4655.31

1.93

0.08

− 2319.63

Edge

3

4719.15

67.24

0.00

− 2327.84

D0

3

4728.79

76.87

0.00

− 2361.39

NULL

2

7681.65

3029.74

0.00

− 3838.82

Abundance

Edge * D0

7

5231.89

0.00

0.26

− 2608.93

Edge + D0 + C5 + C0

8

5233.28

1.39

0.13

− 2608.61

Edge * D0 + C0

8

5233.70

1.81

0.11

− 2608.83

Edge

3

5325.91

94.02

0.00

− 2659.95

D0

3

5330.18

98.29

0.00

− 2261.09

NULL

2

9245.03

4013.14

0.00

− 4620.51

  1. Variables in our models included: distance to forest edge (Edge), stem density of vegetation with height between 0.5–3 m (D0), percentage cover of vegetation at < 0.5 m (C0) and 5–10 m (C5)
  2. AICc Akaike’s information criterion values, ∆AICc the difference in AIC rank relative to the top model, w i the relative model weights, k the number of parameters in the model, LL log-likelihood
  3. aFull set of models for richness and abundance modelled: Edge, Edge + D0, Edge + C0, Edge + D0 + C0, Edge + D3, Edge + D5, Edge + DDBH, Edge + C05, Edge + C5, Edge + D0 + C5, Edge + D0 + C5 + C0, Edge * C3, Edge * D3 + D0, Edge * D0, Edge * D0 + C5, Edge * D0 + C5 + C0, Edge * C5, Edge * C0, Edge * D0 + C0, Edge * DDBH, Edge * C5, Edge * D5. D3 is stem density of vegetation with height between 3-5 m, D5 is stem density of vegetation with height between 5-10 m and DDBH is stem density of trees with DBH > 5 cm