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Table 1 Procrustes ANOVA for the shape of the black area in tails of Great Grey Shrikes (Lanius excubitor), Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands

From: A tale of two tails: asymmetry in Great Grey Shrike (Lanius excubitor)

Effect

Sums of squares

Mean square

df

F

p

Females

 Individuala

0.1945

0.0001

1890

10.95

0.0001*

 Sideb

0.0008

0.0000

70

1.23

0.0997

 Ind × sidec

0.0178

0.0000

1890

4.71

0.0001*

 Errord

0.0078

0.0000

3920

  

Males

 Individuala

0.2670

0.0001

2380

6.36

0.0001*

 Sideb

0.0018

0.0000

70

1.46

0.0078*

 Ind × sidec

0.0420

0.0000

2380

6.74

0.0001*

 Errord

0.0128

0.0000

4900

  
  1. *Significant differences, p < 0.05
  2. aThe variation between individuals
  3. bDirectional asymmetry
  4. cFluctuating asymmetry
  5. dThe residual variation due to measurement error