Nest predators, nest-site selection and nest success of the Emei Shan Liocichla (Liocichla omeiensis), a vulnerable babbler endemic to southwestern China

Table 2 Comparisons of variables between nest sites and random sites of the Emei Shan Liocichla at Laojunshan National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China

Variables^a	Nest sites (n = 56)	Random sites (n = 56)	t value and significance	Z value and significance
AL (m)	1693.9 ± 22.0	1691.5 ± 22.2		‒0.339 ns
SA	1.9 ± 0.1	1.9 ± 0.1		‒0.775 ns
TH (m)	3.4 ± 0.6	10.3 ± 0.6		‒5.951***
TC (%)	9.1 ± 2.0	45.1 ± 2.7		‒6.174***
SH (m)	3.1 ± 0.1	3.7 ± 0.1	‒4.981***
SC (%)	40.9 ± 3.7	33.0 ± 2.8		‒2.322*
BH (cm)	199.0 ± 6.9	207.0 ± 2.9		‒0.106 ns
BC (%)	58.8 ± 4.7	46.5 ± 4.0	3.092**
HH (cm)	27.4 ± 3.2	17.5 ± 1.4		‒3.055**
HC (%)	15.3 ± 2.0	10.8 ± 2.0		‒2.536*
LA	2.8 ± 0.1	2.2 ± 0.1		‒4.306***
DF (m)	14.9 ± 1.1	24.4 ± 1.7		‒4.303***
DW (m)	26.8 ± 2.5	28.3 ± 2.8		‒0.380 ns

^a AL altitude, SA slope aspect, TH mean height of trees, TC tree cover, SH mean height of shrubs, SC shrub cover, BH mean height of bamboo, BC bamboo cover, HH mean height of herb, HC herb cover, LA liana abundance, DF distance to forest edge or gap, DW distance to water
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. ns not significant

ISSN: 2053-7166