Table 1 Comparison between recognized summaries of the acclimatisation of bird species
References | Location | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Victoria | Adelaide | Queensland | Sydney | Tasmania | ||||
Source | (1) Year (no. of releases) | Number of birds | (2) 1867 mass release | (3) 1863–1865 from England | (4) “Failed” 1869 introduction | (5) Sent 1863 | (6) Unknown number sent in 1860s | |
Ryan (1906) | England | 1863, 1864, 1866, 1867 and 1872 | In total 345 released and one release of unknown size | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Summers-Smith (1963) | England | 1863, 1864–1872 (many) | A large number | No | No | Yes | Large number | Yes |
Long (1981) | England and sparrows from China and Java | 1863 (2), 1864, 1866, 1867 and 1872 | Same as Ryan with additional numbers for the importations in 1863 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
HANZAB (Higgins et al. 2006) | Mostly England but also China and Java | 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867 and 1872 | In total 473 released and one unknown release | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Jenkins (1977) | England | 1863 (4) | In total 130 released | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Balmford (1981) | England | 1863 (2) | In total 65 released | No | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Newsome and Noble (1986) | Not clear | 1860s | >100 | No | No | No | No | No |
Lever (2005) | Suggests England | 1863 (2), 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867 and 1872 | In total 351 released and one unknown release | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Anderson (2006) | England and western Europe | 1863 (3), 1864 –1872 (many) | Not mentioned | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Andrew and Griffith (the present paper) | England, India and Germany | 1863 (2), 1864 (2), 1865 and 1867 (many) | Approx. 90–130 birds imported and at least 161 released | Yes, possibly at 17 locations | 1 bird in 1863 and one-third of a shipment in 1865 | Did not fail, birds liberated in 1869 and 12 birds from VIC in 1868 | Yes, at least 6 birds purchased by NSW society | At least 15 birds sent to Hobart in 1867 |