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Table 3 Phylogenetic analysis of year when different species of birds became urbanized in relation to body mass and the first three moments of brain mass

From: Brain size and urbanization in birds

Variable

Sum of squares

d.f.

F

p

Estimate

SE

Effect size

Body mass

6578.35

1

1.55

0.21

27.69

22.24

0.12

Brain mass

314.30

1

0.07

0.79

10.57

38.86

0.03

SD in brain mass

66134.38

1

15.58

0.0001

-63.70

16.14

0.36

Skewness in brain mass

74147.01

1

17.46

< 0.0001

12.17

2.91

0.38

Error

437295.56

103

     
  1. The model had the statistics F = 12.89, d.f. = 4, 103, r 2 = 0.11, p < 0.0001. The model was weighted by sample size. Effect size was estimated as Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient.